TURTLE. The A.V. uses this word five times for the turtle-dove and not the animal.

The Song of Solomon 2: 12 is a well known sentence ". . . . . the voice of the turtle is

heard in our land" and it would seem that "turtle" was used in a more endearing sense

than "turtle-dove".

TUTOR.  In its one occurrence in our old English Version (Gal. 4: 1, 2) the word

does not mean a teacher, but a guardian and this was its meaning in 1611. The Apostle

Paul is dealing with the position of a young person who was not fully grown up. The

N.I.V. renders the verses, "What I am saying is that as long as the heir is a child, he is no

different from a slave, although he owns the whole estate. He is subject to guardians and

trustees until the time set by his father".

TWAIN. This old word has the meaning of "two". "Which of the twain will ye that I

release unto you?" means "which of the two do you want me to release for you?". "For

to make in Himself of twain one new man" (Eph. 2: 13-18) in modern English would be

"in order that He might create in Himself one new man in place of the two (Jew and

Gentile)". It is important to note that the word `make' should be rendered "create". The

joint-Body of Christ is an entirely new creation taken from Jewish and Gentile believers,

in which the status of Jew and Gentile has completely vanished and a new company of

the redeemed has been formed with a new destiny in view--the heavenly places where

Christ is now enthroned (Eph. 2: 6).

VAINGLORY.  This word means idle boasting or conceit "Let nothing be done

through strife or vainglory" (Phil. 2: 3) is a warning against warring and empty conceit,

springing from the parent sin of pride which is so detested by the Lord.

VANITY. In the A.V. the word is never used in the modern sense of conceit which

is inherent in "vainglory". It means emptiness, worthlessness, futility and is one of the

key words of Ecclesiastes where so many things of this world, now ruined by sin and

Satan, are regarded as empty and devoid of any lasting or eternal worth. Often it is

connected with idols and idolatry. "Are there any among the vanities of the Gentiles that

can cause rain?" (Jer. 14: 22), means "can any of the false gods of the nations bring

rain?".  In Jer. 8: 19 "strange vanities" refers to foreign idols. "Lying vanities" in

Psa. 31: 6 are vain idols. God says in Deut. 32: 21, "They have provoked Me to

anger with their vanities", meaning their idolatry.

VEX.  In Elizabethan English this word had a much stronger meaning than it has

today, when it usually means little more than irritation. In 1611 the word stood for

physical aggression, to hurt, afflict or torment.  In Exod. 22: 21 "to vex a stranger"

meant to hurt or harm a stranger. In the N.T. the son who was "lunatic and sore vexed"