a prey." If we insist that n'shamah in Deut. 20: 16 must include cattle, we introduce a

serious problem, but if we leave it to mean man, all is harmony.  A glance at

Deut. 20: 17, 18 will strengthen this view, for it immediately goes on to enumerate those

who were to be utterly destroyed, namely, the Canaanites, and the reason given is "that

they teach you not, etc.".

3. "So Joshua . . . . . utterly destroyed all that breathed" (Josh. 10: 40).--This is

parallel with No. 2.

4 and 5. "There was not any left to breathe . . . . . and all the . . . . . cattle, the children

of Israel took for a prey unto themselves: but every man they smote with the edge of the

sword . . . . . neither left they any to breathe" (Josh. 11: 11-14).--Here the meaning of

n'shamah is obvious. None were left that "breathed", yet all the cattle were spared.

According to the true meaning of this word, therefore, cattle did not "breathe".

6. "The blast of the breath (ruach) of His nostrils" (II Sam. 22: 16).--The reference

here is to God, and needs no comment.

7. "He smote all the house of Jeroboam, he left not to Jeroboam any that breathed"

(I Kings 15: 29).--This is the fulfillment of the word  of  Abijah,  given  in

I Kings 14: 10-14, where the actual descendants of Jeroboam are in view.

8. "There was no breath left in him" (I Kings 17: 17).--The widow's son is referred

to here.

9. "By the blast of God they perish" (Job 4: 9).

10. "Whose spirit came from thee" (Job 26: 4).--Spoken to men.

11. "All the while my breath is in me, and the spirit of God is in my nostrils"

(Job 27: 3).

12. "There is a spirit in man, and the inspiration of the Almighty giveth them

understanding" (Job 32: 8).--This and the following passages we shall have to

consider more fully: for the time we pass them by; they have no reference to the beast,

but very intimately connect man with God.

13. "The spirit of God hath made me, and the breath of the Almighty hath given me

life" (Job 33: 4).

14. "If He gather unto Himself His spirit and His breath" (Job 34: 14).

15. "By the breath of God frost is given" (Job 37: 10).

16. "At the blast of the breath of Thy nostrils" (Psa. 18: 15).