18:7).  The word translated 'do obeisance' is translated 'worship' ninety-

nine times in the Old Testament.  Again, there is no doubt about the close

association of the kiss with worship in the following passages:

'Yet I have left me seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have

not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him' (1

Kings 19:18).

'Let the men that sacrifice kiss the calves' (Hosea 13:2).

'If I beheld the sun ... moon ... and my heart hath been secretly

enticed, or my mouth hath kissed my hand ... I should have denied the

God above' (Job 31:26-28).

The marginal reading of Genesis 41:40, too, is suggestive.  The A.V.

reads, 'Thou shalt be over my house, and according unto thy word shall all my

people be ruled'.  The word translated 'word' here is 'mouth', the cause put

for the effect, and 'be ruled' the verb nashaq 'kiss', as in chapter 48:10.

Omitting, therefore, the sense of the fawning of a dog, we can adopt

the remainder of the definition given in Dr. Bullinger's Lexicon:

'To prostrate one's self, after the eastern custom, to do reverence or

homage to any one, by kneeling or prostrating one's self before him

(LXX everywhere for shachah, to bow down, to prostrate one's self in

reverence).  Used therefore of the act of worship'.

Sebomai, sebazomai, eusebeo.  The word just examined is used of

the act of worship, whereas these three words are used rather for the feeling

associated with it.  The meaning of sebomai is 'to stand in awe'.  It is

never used in the epistles.  Sebazomai occurs but once and that in connection

with 'the worship of the creature' (Rom. 1:25).  In the Acts, sebasma is used

once, of the 'devotions' of the Athenians (Acts 17:23), and once in 'all that

is called God or worshipped' (2 Thess. 2:4).  While eusebeia, 'godliness', is

used in the epistles, neither eusebeia nor eusebeo is there translated

'worship'.  Their bearing upon the question of present-day worship must be

examined later.

Latreuo means 'to serve for hire', and when related to God means

'to worship'.  It is used by Paul in Philippians 3:3.

Therapeuo is generally associated with medical service, and is

derived from therapeuein, 'to wait on'.  It is from an old Sanskrit root

meaning 'to maintain or support'.  It occurs but once, namely, in Acts 17:25,

'neither is worshipped with men's hands', which the R.V. translates 'serve'.

Threskeia.  This word refers rather to ceremonial

and ritual than the inner meaning of worship.  It occurs

in Colossians 2:18, where the word is used of 'the worshipping of angels'

and, in combination with thelo, it is found in Colossians 2:23, where it is

translated 'will worship'.

The Old Testament uses three words, two of which need not detain us

long.  Segad is Chaldee, and is used in Daniel 3 where it means 'to bow down,

do obeisance', and abad, which is Hebrew, is found translated 'worshipper'

five times and 'worship' only in 2 Kings 10, where it speaks of the worship

of Baal.  The third word, shachah, is the equivalent of proskuneo.