Psalm 118:27.  Here there is nothing to specify the kind of sacrifice

involved except that it must conform to the meaning plainly established

by the word used, and the two references already given.

Minchah.  Nuach from which minchah springs means 'rest' (Gen. 8:4;

Exod. 33:14), and is the origin of the name Noah, as his father said, 'This

same shall comfort us' or give us rest (Gen. 5:29).  Minchah is translated

'meat offering' 131 times, 'sacrifice' only five times, and 'oblation',

'offering' and 'present' 5, 33 and 28 times respectively.  The primary

meaning of the word is a gift, oblation or present.  The title 'meat'

offering must be employed with understanding.  'Meat', as employed by the

A.V., is Old English for food of all kinds.  Thus we still speak of sweet

meats, green meat, meat and drink, and say 'grace before meat'.  Leviticus 2

describes the meat offering, but it will be seen that the offering is mainly

of 'fine flour'.

The offering brought by Cain was a minchah.

Parkhurst, commenting on

this, says:

'The bread offering was never offered by the law of Moses for the

remission of sins, nor is any promise of forgiveness ever made to it,

unless the offerer could not procure an animal sacrifice ... If we

seriously weigh all (these) particulars, we shall see reason to

conclude that the matter of Abel's sacrifice was more acceptable to God

than that of Cain's, as better representing the sufferings and death of

the promised Seed for the sins of the world'.

Ishsheh.  Esh, meaning 'fire', is an emblem of wrath.

'Fire from

heaven' consumed Sodom and Gomorrah (Gen. 19:24).

Ishsheh is translated 'an offering made by fire' in Exodus 29:18, and

in 49 other places.

Todah, which occurs but twice as 'sacrifice' (Jer.

17:26 and 33:11), is entirely a sacrifice of praise

and thanksgiving, the word todah being translated 'thanksgiving' 18 times, as

in Leviticus 7:12.  Todah is derived from yadah which gives us the name Judah

given by Leah to her son when she said, 'I will praise the Lord' (Gen.

Asah is simply the verb 'to make' and became

attached to the conception

of sacrifice (Lev. 23:19) as something that needed

preparation or 'offering'

(Lev.  9:22; Num. 28:24).  This completes the list

of Hebrew words employed.

Only one Greek word and its derivatives is used in

the New Testament, thusia

and thuo.

Thuo means 'to kill', but it is only used in its primary sense in John

10:10, 'The thief cometh not, but for to steal and to kill'.  In Acts 10:13

and 11:7 it is used of the command to Peter, 'kill and eat'.  On six

occasions it refers to the killing of fatlings, the passover, the fatted calf

(Matt. 22:4; Mark 14:12; Luke 15:23,27,30; 22:7).  On five occasions it is

translated 'sacrifice' (Acts 14:13,18; 1 Cor. 5:7; 10:20 twice).

Thusia occurs 29 times and is translated 'sacrifice' each time.  The

apostle applies the conception of sacrifice without the necessary thought of